Mitotic Index Lab Report Sample

Mitotic Index Lab Report Paper The majority of cells were in enterprise, as seen in the graph and charts above, while the rest were in other phases. Conclusion and Evaluation: As expected, the results from the Mitotic Index Lab show that most cells were in enterprise meanwhile there were not many cells in the other four phases. This goes to show that this stage is relatively long while the other ones are not as long since there were not as many cells in those stages as shown in the graph and tables. Although a Mitotic Index can be used for educational purposes it can also be used in cancer tumor diagnosis. For example, a person who does not have cancer will not have as many cells undergoing mitosis compared to the amount of cells that are in enterprise. However if a person with cancer is examined, results will show that there are more cells that are going through mitosis compared to the cells that are in enterprise. This is because cancer cells grow repeatedly and more frequently than normal cells. This lab has two limitations. One limitation is that only cells that are stained will be visible and the one that are not stained will not be looked at because it will be hard to determine what stage the cell is in. The second limitation is that some cells can be dead or dying meaning that it is harder to verify how many cells are going through a specific stage in the cell cycle. Modifications that can help get more accurate results include looking at a more than one slide and observing more cells. We will write a custom essay sample on Mitotic Index Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mitotic Index Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mitotic Index Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Tentative and Tenterhooks

Tentative and Tenterhooks Tentative and Tenterhooks Tentative and Tenterhooks By Maeve Maddox The other day I listened to a radio interview in which the subject continually pronounced the word tentative without one of its ts. Tentative has three ts: ten-ta-tive (not ten-a-tive). Another t word that often has its medial t messed with is tenterhook. Its an old word derived from cloth-making, but it remains current in the expression to be on tenterhooks, i.e., to be in a state of painful suspense. Ive heard people say tenderhooks. Tentative derives from Latin tentatus, a form of the verb tentare, to feel, to try. Its another form of temptare, to feel, to try, to test. which gives us the English word temptation. A tenter was a wooden framework for stretching cloth. It derives from Latin tentus, stretched. A tenter hook held the cloth on the tenter. Some will argue that these pronunciations are merely differences of region or dialect. Whatever the cause, pronouncing them that way leads to misspelling them and misspelled words damage the writers credibility. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsStory Writing 10110 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

One page analysis of news article provided Essay

One page analysis of news article provided - Essay Example While the Catholic Church claims that such incidents are reflective of society at large and not merely the Catholic Church, opponents argue that when Pope Benedict XVI was still functioning as a Cardinal he made frequent actions to impede the prosecution of the accused clergy members, including preventing the prosecution in the Wisconsin incidents, as well as transferring an accused sex offender in Munich to another church in 1980. While I was familiar with these scandals through the news media, the article brought my attention to the severity of the problem. The article states that, â€Å"One victim, Alessandro Vantini, told the AP last year that priests sodomized him so relentlessly he came to feel ‘as if I were dead.’† In addition, the high number of children the article indicates (200 and 67) is astonishing. The article does a solid job of presenting both sides of the controversy as the church indicates that a formal complaint was never issued and that they didn’t have a means to contact the molested children to interview them about the incidents. However, in totality it seems that there is some misconduct that has occurred and that it might be best if an outside entity was able to step in and investigate. I also seems imperative that the Papacy take immediate measures to prevent similar occurrences in the

Impact of management of control system and leadership Essay

Impact of management of control system and leadership - Essay Example Hutzschenreuter (2009) points out that such tools can be formal procedures used to maintain or change the activities of the organization. The notion of management control has been discussed intensively in the fields of management research (Horch, 2009). The existing literature on leadership points out that the leadership styles adopted by the top management of an organization affect not only the performance of the business, but also the level of commitment among the middle and low level managers. Scholars in the accounting and control field also argue that the style of leadership adopted by the managers is directly influenced by the level of management control structures that exist in a particular company. Different organizations invest differently in their management control systems with the aim of improving decision making (Simons, 2000). Some scholars argue that such systems enhance the performance of the managers thus increasing the overall productivity of the business. Cogliser & Shriesheim (2000) indicate that when managers are able to rely on the information collected through these systems, they can model their leadership styles to enhance the achievement of the objectives of the organization. Boedker et al. (2011) further states that such systems boost productivity as they ensure that the mission and vision are at the core of the decisions made at the management level. According to Horngren et al. (2009), without strict control, workers will never bring good results as they will have the freedom to be involved in practices that end up limiting their value and productivity. Bass et al. (2008) adds that tight management control systems ensure that a company performs efficiently by reducing the number of violation cases .This is heavily contested by another group of scholars who argue that such systems result in fear among junior employees. According to Sinha (2008), fear and stress are among

Hitler's Pope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hitler's Pope - Essay Example John Cornwell made one of the first attempts to look deeper into the role which Catholic religious leaders played in the development and expansion of Nazism in Europe. His book about Eugenio Pacelli, the Catholic Pope during the World War II, was too sensational to be untrue. The author relied on the primary documents, to reveal the astonishing truth about the Pope, his attitudes toward Jews, and his role in the development of diplomatic ties between Nazi Germany and other European allies. Despite a wealth of historic information provided by Cornwell, his personal â€Å"negative† attitudes toward the Pope were too obvious to conceal and often compromised the need to be historically objective and unbiased. That the topic of Catholic religion during the times of Nazism had always been underresearched pushed John Cornwell to explore the subject in greater detail. His book was the product of his own analysis and the growing interest toward the issues of papacy in Nazi Germany. Cornwell acknowledged that in his book, he wanted to resolve the eternal conflict of beliefs about the Pope: â€Å"some historians were confident that Eugenio Pacelli shamed the Catholic Church by failing to denounce the Final Solution; others believed that the issue lacked historical evidence and proofs†.1 The topic was increasingly interesting to everyone who sought to feel the information void in the contemporary research about religion during the times of Nazism. Pope Eugenio Pacelli was an exemplary object of historical research, due to the significant role he played in church during the World War II and the number of mysteries that surrounded his personality during and after his religious triumph. The popularity of the Pope’s figure was difficult to underestimate – Cornwell wrote that his picture had been looking at him at every wall of every classroom.2 What else could a professional historian need to produce a sensation? – only an access to the secret documents

Gender Differences in Speech

Gender Differences in Speech A striking contrast between ‘the taciturn man and the ‘cackling hen Abstract: Are men really more casual and women more sophisticated while speaking? Despite both genders being part of the same human species, they do have a salient difference in the manner they interact, speak, react and even the topics they choose to talk about. While men are more at ease in their social contexts, women appear to be conscious about their status and thus tend to use higher standard language in terms of talking. In addition, both men and women have different purposes when talking: for men it has more to do about imparting information and demonstrating expertise compared to women who aim to maintain and develop relationships. However, like in a lot of other things, exceptions are a part of this issue too; some men are just ‘too feminine and some women are just ‘too boyish. Ever noticed how differently girls and boys talk? What words they use? What topics do they speak on? If you havent yet; next time make sure to do so because linguists have â€Å"claimed to establish a rather intriguing difference between the language used by women and men† (Talbot, 1998, p. 20). Language and gender is a vast topic that attracts a lot of discussion from linguists around the world who aim to extract the variations and distinctions between a males language and a females. Up until today several such distinctions have been discovered, studied and noted. These differences are essential in characterizing the ‘masculine style of talking and the ‘feminine style. The paramount objective of this paper will be to look deep into these specific differences and also to find possible reasons as to why they exist. The ‘he dominance Historically, English was considered as a sexist language with gender bias in its use (Yule, 2006; Jule, 2008). An example of this gender bias is the use of â€Å"pronouns, particularly the generic use of ‘he or ‘him or ‘his to refer to something relating to both men and women† (Jule, 2008, p. 13). For instance, the tendency to say â€Å"each student is required to buy his own dictionary† indicates the sexism in the use of ‘his (Yule, 2006, p. 225). Nevertheless, now it is becoming much less common and there is now strong use of the forms ‘she/he and ‘his/her so that both genders can be included in all contexts where both the genders are being referred to. Variation and Exception Language use not only varies between cultures and religions but also â€Å"varies according to the social context, in terms of level of formality required by the relationship between speaker and hearer and what they are talking about, as well as other aspects† (Talbot, 1998, p. 19). It also varies based on geographical locations, both within and across national boundaries; there are forms like Nigerian English, South African English, Australian English etc However, apart from social dialects and contexts, sociolinguists have asserted that there is a striking divergence between the language used between men and women in general. Several studies have been conducted by sociolinguists to prove that these distinctions in a mens speech and womens speech do exist and are not just for say. In addition, differences not only exist in matters of speech but also in terms of interaction. This gendered language is the reason that not only reflects these social differences between men and women but it also creates and maintains them (Talbot, 1998). However, what is worth remembering is that it is not always the same; not all women have a stereotypical style as outlined by the linguists and not all men have the exact identical way described by linguists. You must have occasionally heard someone say ‘hes too feminine or ‘shes totally boyish. This does indicate that exceptions, as in everything else, exist in gendered language too. All women and men cannot be placed in the category set out by linguists. Nonetheless, a general framework that has been created by linguists clearly defines that differences amongst la nguage used by men and women are present. There are vocal differences, differences in forms, in politeness, in compliments and what is interesting is that these differences exist since childhood. Boy talk vs. girl talk Even as young girls and boys, there is a great amount of difference in the way each one speaks, interacts and responds. There is a difference in interests as well. While girls are busy dressing up Barbie dolls or playing teacher-teacher, boys are fighting for dominance in wrestling games or killing each other in robotics. Linguists have pointed out that girls, since school age, have a more interactive style with â€Å"socializing in small groups, more often in co-operative activities, establishing reciprocal relationships and exchanging roles† (Yule, 2006, p. 224). Boys, on the other hand, tend to exclude girls from their activities and make fun of those who do include them. Comparatively, they tend to â€Å"socialize in much larger groups, often in competitive activities, establishing and maintaining hierarchical relationships† (Yule, 2006, p. 224). Also what is noticed is when conflicts arise between girls and boys, both use different strategies for tackling them. Amy Sheldon undertook an interesting set of analysis of ‘conflict talk and studied the discourse of 3-5 year olds in day care centers. â€Å"Boys she observed handled conflict in a more heavy-handed fashion, expressing more self-assertive statements and dominance, whereas the girls used more collaborative discourse negotiationto mitigate conflict† (Clark, Eschholz, Rosa Simon, 2008, p. 519). In addition to conflict strategies, there is also a difference in forms and pitch ranges between young boys and girls. Fern L. Johnson goes on to state that â€Å"since childhood, girls tend to speak in softer, polite, higher-pitched voices† compared to boys who have more â€Å"forceful, straight forward, lower pitched voices† (Clark, Eschholz, Rosa Simon, 2008, p. 504). However, the differences in pitch and voice range is accounted for by the differences in vocal characteristics of males and females. Males have longer vocal tracts, larger larynxes and thicker vocal chords compared to females and this is the reason why there is a difference in pitch ranges. The result is that men typically speak in a lower pitch range- typically between 80 200 Hertz whereas women speak in a much higher version- between 120 400 Hertz. The term pitch refers to the vibration in the vocal chords, â€Å"with slower vibration making voices sound lower and rapid vibration making voices sound higher† (Yule, 2006, p. 224). What you might also notice is that at an early age parents are often heard telling their kids different things to sons and to their daughters. Sons are always told to ‘toughen- up and ‘stand-up for themselves and if they dont act like it, they are advised ‘dont be a sissy. In contrast, girls are always commanded to ‘act ladylike, ‘sit and speak properly and to ‘dress decently. These reasons are also responsible for the differences in a womans speaking style and a mans. ‘Chatty women and ‘Men of few words Women have always been addressed with typical phrases like ‘cackling hens, ‘chatty women and ‘the gossip whereas men have been tagged with ‘the taciturn man and ‘man of few words (Clark, Eschholz, Rosa Simon, 2008, p. 523-524). Women, undoubtedly, have been believed to talk more than men. Jule mentions a study statistic done by Mark Peters (2007) on the number of words used by women and those used by men in a single day. â€Å"Peter indicates that women use about 7000 words a day compared to only 2000 for men† (Jule, 2008, p. 27). Apart from the fact that females talk more, what is interesting is that the ‘speech they use varies considerably than that used by men. Womens speech has been associated with the use of tag questions, super polite forms, affective adjectives, hedges, rising intonations and hypercorrect grammar. Tag questions are questions at the end of a sentence, like an utterance, often asking for an opinion, approval or confirm ation, like ‘this dress is pretty, isnt it? or similarly ‘dont you? ‘havent we? are all questions tagged at the end of a sentence. Super polite forms refer to the â€Å"avoidance of swear-words and extensive use of euphemism. Euphemism is the use of veiled, indirect expression (for instance, saying passed away instead of died)† (Talbot, 1998, p. 39). These tend to make womens language more standard and often higher in prestige compared to men. Hedges are filler items or an utterance like ‘you know, ‘well, ‘kind of or sounds like ‘hmm and ‘yeah. These hedges are often a reason of misinterpretation amongst men and women. Since hedges are in a womens use, men consider it to be a sign of agreement whereas when women do not see men using such hedges, they take it as if the men are not paying attention to what the speaker is saying (Yule, 2006). Affective adjectives are used in expressing approval, or admiration, many of which are use d by women, words such as ‘divine, ‘adorable and ‘charming. Hypercorrect grammar, as stated by Lackoff, is simply to state that women tend to use more standardized forms, which implies that â€Å"they are more correct than they ought to be† (Talbot, 1998, p. 40). All these above mentioned characteristics are rarely heard from a man and are usually not a part of their speech. These characteristics also point to something else: interaction between and amongst the two genders. The casual man and the sophisticated woman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women have a completely differing style of interaction than men. Also, topic choices vary between men and women. Each gender speaks more about the topic that they are comfortable with. The general view of linguists is that men speak more casually than women. This is perhaps because women are more conscious about their social status and how others around them perceive them to be. In a study mentioned by Jule, the conclusion drawn was that â€Å"men are more at ease in their social settingsand that women are more anxiousin social situations because of their need to achieve or maintain social status† (Jule, 2008, p. 20). Deborah Tannen also asserts that men and women â€Å"have different goals in conversation and that the conversational strategies men use, such as interruptions, help to establish their own status and authority† (Clark, Eschholz, Rosa Simon, 2008, p. 506). Jennifer Coates mentions a study conducted by Zimmerman and West (1975) which cle arly suggests that the number of interruptions is very high in mixed- sex conversations, with men interrupting more than women. Also, there is a fact that men rarely interrupt each other while speaking amongst themselves, â€Å"it is when they are talking to women that they use interruptions† (Coates, 1993, p. 109). Conversely, women do not use overlaps in conversation with men (while they do use amongst themselves) suggesting that they are â€Å"concerned not to violate the mans turn but wait until hes finished† (Coates, 1993, p. 110). There is also a difference in communication and interaction of men and women within social contexts and private contexts. According to a study mentioned by Janet Holmes â€Å"males tend to talk more than women in public contexts where talk is highly valued and attracts positive attention† (Holmes, 1995, p. 37). Therefore, each gender provides more contribution in the situation they are most contented in. In private contexts â€Å"women tend to regard talk as means of maintaining and developing relationships† (Holmes, 1993, p. 38). Mary M. Talbot also puts forward that â€Å"men tend to use conversation as arenas for negotiating and maintaining status.Conversations are about imparting information, talking for a purpose, demonstrating expertise† (1998, p. 99). This then explains why men are more aware about their status in public perspectives than in casual conditions. Tannen mentions a personal experience where at a party she noticed that when men dont know much a bout a particular topic, they tend to â€Å"change the subject to something they know more about† (Clark, Eschholz, Rosa Simon, 2008, p. 533). Whos more polite? With regards to politeness, there are two things that are of great significance in indicating the level of politeness: compliments and apologies. In both the aspects of compliments and apologies, women definitely hold their flag much high than men. In a study conducted by Janet Holmes (1995) on the levels of politeness amongst men and women, what was found was that â€Å"women give 70% of compliments and receive about 75% of them; compliments between men are rare- less than 10%† (Jule, 2008, p. 83). She further presents a study conducted between New Zealand men and women in regards to who apologizes most and what Holmess data relates is that â€Å"apologies were more frequent between and amongst women† typically around 58% compared to only 8% amongst men (1995, p. 157). However, â€Å"the number of apologies between women and men is remarkably evenly distributed† close to the 20% mark (1995, p. 159). As an explanation to this, Holmes offers that women might consi der explicit apologies for offences as more important in maintaining relationships than men do which may also be why women tend to be more polite, aware of their surroundings and status than men. In conclusion, as Holmes points out; it is not always this way, not all women speak in the way describes above i.e. using hedges, super polite forms, tag questions, standard language, hypercorrect grammar etc. This is the general view of linguists that has been established after a wide range of studies and this is what outlines such patterns in the styles of gendered language. However, this does not mean that women do not have an abrasive, challenging and antagonistic speech style, some of them do but then they are considered to have adopted a ‘masculine style of talking and thus, they are placed under the category of exceptions. Nonetheless, these exceptions exist as a minority and the general pattern in womens and mens speech is the one described above and the one that is observed and accepted by several linguists of this field. A brief word about the cited authors: Janet Holmes is a professor of linguists at the Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand. She is a teacher of sociolinguistic courses, New Zealand English, and language and gender issues. Her publications consist of ‘An introduction to sociolinguistics, ‘New Zealand ways of speaking English, ‘Gendered talk at work, ‘Women, men and politeness and several others. Jennifer Coates is a professor of English language and linguistics at Roehampton University, UK. Her works comprise of ‘Women, men and language, ‘Women in their speech communities, ‘Women talk, ‘Conversations between women friends along with many others. Recently, she has completed a book on men, masculinity and narrative entitled ‘Men talk. Most of her research interests address the issue of language and sexuality and the conversational patterns in gendered talk. She is also the editor of the Blackwell sociolinguistic series ‘Language and Social change and the senior editor of the Longman ‘Real Language series. Allyson Jule, a PhD from Roehampton University, London, has particular research interests in the field of gender and language. She is an associate professor of education at the Trinity Western University along with being on the Advisory committee of the International Gender and Language Association (IGALA). Her famous works are composed of ‘Sh-shushing the Girls, ‘A beginners guide to language and gender, along with several other journal articles and co-edited books on the same issue. She is also part of the British Association of Applied linguists (BAAL) and is the reviewer of the Gender and Education journal. References Clark, V., Eschholz, P., Rosa, A., Simon, B. L. (Ed.). (2008). Language: Introductory readings (7th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St.Martins. Coates, J. (1993). Women, men, and language: A sociolinguistic account of gender differences in language (2nd ed.). New York: Longman. Holmes, J. (1995). Women, men, and politeness. New York: Longman. Jule, A. (2008). A beginners guide to language and gender. Toronto: Cromwell Press. Talbot, M. M. (1998). Language and gender: An introduction. Malden: Blackwell Publishers. Yule, G. (2006). The study of language (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Windows 95 The O/s Of The Future :: essays research papers

Windows 95 the O/S of the Future The way of the computing world is changing at a neck breaking pace. People are looking for computers to be easy to use, and to make life easier for them. The computer manufactures and software developers have started to tailor computers and programs to fit the needs of the new â€Å"computer age†. Graphical Interface Software (GUI) began to make computing easier and people who never dreamed of owning computers began to buy them. Macintosh was one of the first GUI computers to hit the market, but it was not IBM compatible, so it did not take over the mainstream of the computer industry. Since most computers where being make to fit the IBM compatible standards, Microsoft saw the need to replace DOS (Disk Operating System) with something easier to use. That is when they developed Windows, which covered the difficult to use DOS with a new face that made computing easier. The first Windows was a start in the right direction. In an effort to make computing meet the needs of the public, Microsoft developed Windows 95. Windows 95 has the appearance of being a completely user friendly operating system and it pretty much is as far as the average user is concerned. The compatibility with most hardware makes it easy for someone to upgrade their computer. The desktop is designed so the user has point and click access to all their open and closed programs. Utilizing the 32 bit programing it was written with, users are able to work with more than one program at a time and move information between programs. This gives the user the freedom they need to begin to explore the world of computing without having to learn all the â€Å" computer stuff†. Today everyone wants the fastest computer with the best monitor and fastest modem this was an interrupt address nightmare until Windows 95 was developed. People didn't know what jumpers needed to go where to make their hardware work. Or why their CDROM wouldn't work since they changed their sound board. Most hardware periphials have all the configurations built into a chip that communicates with Windows 95 to find out where it needs to put itself in the address map. This allows users to have fancy big screen monitors and connect to the Internet with high speed modems. They can also put in faster video cards that use all the nice Windows 95 features, thus making their computing less complicated Windows 95 is set up with novice users in mind. As with Windows 3.x, it has boxes that open up with the program inside called windows.